Programming Contest Crib Sheet

• Parsing Input
  
  • Standard format of first line which identifies number of following trials.
  • Standard format of read trials until reaching a sentinal value.
• Formatted Output
  
  • Controlling precision for floating-point numbers
  • How to convert an int to a string in C++ (using strstream)
• Bit Manipulations
  
  • Querying the k-th bit
  • Setting the k-th bit to 0
  • Setting the k-th bit to 1
  • Bit shifting to multiply/divide by powers of two
  • Using the C++ STL bitset class
• Brute-force Enumerations
  
  • Generate all possible permutations
  • Generate all possible combinations of "n choose k"
  • Generate all possible settings for n decisions
  • Generate all possible subsets (see all possible settings)
  • Base b counter (see all possible settings)
• Mathematics Fundamentals
  
  • Number Theory (base conversions, prime factorizations, fractions, gcd, lcm)
  • Distance between two points
  • Vector between two points (and normalization)
  • Distance from a point to a line
  • Computing line or line segment intersections
  • Area of a triangle
• Graph Algorithms (our code base)
  
  • Basic graph library
    • undirected/directed
    • weighted/unweighted
    • associated node data, edge data
  • DFS, BFS
  • Graph connectivity and reachability
  • (Bi)Connected Components
  • Topological Orderings for DAGs
  • Minimum Spanning Trees
  • Shortest Paths Algorithm (Bellman-Ford)
  • Matching Algorithms
  • Network Flow
• Dynamic Programming
  
  • Selecting a subset of items with some score
  • Breaking a sequence into k independent pieces
  • Aligning two sequences to each other